The Crucial P1 1TB SSD Review: The Other Consumer QLC SSD

Power Management Features

Real-world client storage workloads leave SSDs idle most of the time, so the active power measurements presented earlier in this review only account for a small part of what determines a drive's suitability for battery-powered use. Especially under light use, the power efficiency of a SSD is determined mostly be how well it can save power when idle.

For many NVMe SSDs, the closely related matter of thermal management can also be important. M.2 SSDs can concentrate a lot of power in a very small space. They may also be used in locations with high ambient temperatures and poor cooling, such as tucked under a GPU on a desktop motherboard, or in a poorly-ventilated notebook.

The Crucial P1 includes a fairly typical feature set for a consumer NVMe SSD, with two idle states that should both be quick to get in and out of. The three different active power states probably make little difference in practice, because even in our synthetic benchmarks the P1 seldom draws more than 3-4W.

Note that the above tables reflect only the information provided by the drive to the OS. The power and latency numbers are often very conservative estimates, but they are what the OS uses to determine which idle states to use and how long to wait before dropping to a deeper idle state.

Idle Power Measurement

SATA SSDs are tested with SATA link power management disabled to measure their active idle power draw, and with it enabled for the deeper idle power consumption score and the idle wake-up latency test. Our testbed, like any ordinary desktop system, cannot trigger the deepest DevSleep idle state.

Idle power management for NVMe SSDs is far more complicated than for SATA SSDs. NVMe SSDs can support several different idle power states, and through the Autonomous Power State Transition (APST) feature the operating system can set a drive's policy for when to drop down to a lower power state. There is typically a tradeoff in that lower-power states take longer to enter and wake up from, so the choice about what power states to use may differ for desktop and notebooks.

We report two idle power measurements. Active idle is representative of a typical desktop, where none of the advanced PCIe link or NVMe power saving features are enabled and the drive is immediately ready to process new commands. The idle power consumption metric is measured with PCIe Active State Power Management L1.2 state enabled and NVMe APST enabled if supported.

The idle power consumption numbers from the Crucial P1 match the pattern seen with other recent Silicon Motion platforms. The active idle draw is a bit higher for the P1 than the 660p due to the latter having less DRAM, but both do very well when put to sleep.

The wake-up latency of over 73ms for the Crucial P1 is fairly high, and definitely much worse than what the drive advertises to the operating system. This could lead to some responsiveness problems if the OS is misled into choosing an overly-aggressive power management strategy.